A vortex (plural: vortices) is a spinning, often turbulent, flow of fluid. Any spiral motion with closed streamlines is vortex flow. The motion of the fluid swirling rapidly around a center is called a vortex.
A vortex can be any circular or rotary flow that possesses vorticity. Vorticity is a mathematical concept used in fluid dynamics. It can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" in a fluid.
In fluid dynamics, vorticity is the circulation per unit area at a point in the flow field. It is a vector quantity, whose direction is (roughly speaking) along the axis of the swirl.
Also in fluid dynamics, the movement of a fluid can be said to be vortical if the fluid moves around in a circle, or in a helix, or if it tends to spin around some axis. Such motion can also be called solenoidal. In the atmospheric sciences, vorticity is a property that characterizes large-scale rotation of air masses. Since the atmospheric circulation is nearly horizontal, the (3 dimensional) vorticity is nearly vertical, and it is common to use the vertical component as a scalar vorticity.
As a curiosity: The Shower-Curtain Effect (also from Wiki) explains what
a Horizontal Vortex is....(guess what..it's defined by the direction of the axis!):
Horizontal vortex theory
One computer model of the typical bathroom found that the spray from the shower-head drives a horizontal vortex. This vortex has a low-pressure zone in the centre, which sucks the curtain.
David Schmidt of University of Massachusetts was awarded the 2001 Ig Nobel Prize in Physics for his partial solution to the question of why shower curtains billow inwards.
ruggero ;-)
Last edited by ruggerodk on Sat Aug 01, 2009 7:24 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Contradictions do not exist.
Whenever you think you are facing a contradiction, check your premises.
You will find that one of them is wrong. - Ayn Rand -
LOL...that's right Ed..indeed we are fortunate.
But they DID have "Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary 1795"...from which I quote:
VORTEX
, or Whirlwind, in Meteorology, a sudden, rapid, violent motion of the air, in circular whirling directions.
Vortex is also used for an eddy or whirlpool, or a body of water, in certain seas and rivers, which runs rapidly round, forming a sort of cavity in the middle.
Vortex
, in the Cartesian Philosophy, is a system or collection of particles of matter moving the same way, and round the same axis.
Such Vortices are the grand machines by which these philosophers solve most of the motions and other phenomena of the heavenly bodies. And accordingly, the doctrine of these Vortices makes a great part of the Cartesian philosophy.
BTW I believe Archimedes used the term which IS of Latin or Greek origin ;-D
ruggero ;-)
Contradictions do not exist.
Whenever you think you are facing a contradiction, check your premises.
You will find that one of them is wrong. - Ayn Rand -
Your last post proves my point. You can see clearly the meaning of a vortex and how the axis is vertical and the particles rotate horizontally. Adding the adjective 'vertical' to vortex means that the axis is now horizontal and the particles are now rotating vertically.
No, on the contrary.!!!
It says clearly that it has absolutely nothing to do with the plane of rotation but has everything to do with the direction of the vortex, i.e. the direction of the axix.
You must have misunderstood the earlier mentioned "Horizontal vortex theory on Shower-Curtain"....or you didn't read the wiki page carefully enough....which DO indeed prove MY case: A horizontal vortex has a horizontal axis....so from that one can only quess what a vertical vortex is...(?)
From Wikipedia:
Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in velocity results in a decrease in pressure. This theory presumes that the water flowing out of a shower head causes the air through which the water moves to start flowing in the same direction as the water. This movement would be parallel to the plane of the shower curtain. If air is moving across the inside surface of the shower curtain, Bernoulli's principle says the air pressure there will drop. This would result in a pressure differential between the inside and outside, causing the curtain to move inward. It would be strongest when the gap between the bather and the curtain is smallest - resulting in the curtain trying to wrap you when you get close to it.
Horizontal vortex theory
One computer model of the typical bathroom found that the spray from the shower-head drives a horizontal vortex. This vortex has a low-pressure zone in the centre, which sucks the curtain.
ruggero ;-)
Contradictions do not exist.
Whenever you think you are facing a contradiction, check your premises.
You will find that one of them is wrong. - Ayn Rand -
Please explain why you've decided to dismiss the Latin meanings known to Bessler and the "Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary 1795" in favour of Wikipedia? I'm also struggling to see why this needs to be so complicated when the words written by Bessler are nicely backed up by what we know of the wheel and can see in the images. I think perhaps I should go through the whole paragraph with you of the German and Latin text because I think the part about the vortex would make more sense to you. Let me know if you would like me to do this and I will as soon as I can.
But I think you could start by explaining what exactly in the old an modern definitions you believe that I "dismiss"...?
And also perhaps, what "favour" you are talking about?
If you can find any 'antique' mentioning or definition of the term "vorticis verticalis" please show them here; I've spend 5 minutes to find the "Dictionary 1795" of the single word "Vortex".
If you can find anything on the internet with the exact spelling "Vorticis Verticalis" please show them here.
I've tried for several weeks with no pos result: I guess that the grammatical form and spelling from Besslers hand, does not exist.
If you can find anything (apart from Mitzubitshi and Mazda Engines) that use the term "Vertical Vortex" to define a vortex with a horizontal axis and by vertical plane of rotation, please show them here.
If you can find anything that use the term "Vertical Vortex" to define a horizontal line of movement of the vortex with a horizontal axis, please show them here.
I ask you, because I have tried to find answer to these questions myself, but ufortunately without luck.
What I continually found was the contrary: That a vertical vortex has a vertical axis, and a movement of the vortex in the direction of the line of axis i.e. up-down.
I will be happy to be proved wrong...
regards
ruggero ;-)
Contradictions do not exist.
Whenever you think you are facing a contradiction, check your premises.
You will find that one of them is wrong. - Ayn Rand -
Sorry, let me explain what I meant by: "Please explain why you've decided to dismiss the Latin meanings known to Bessler and the "Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary 1795" in favour of Wikipedia?" ...
I was trying to understand why you would prefer (favour) any modern terms and information you might find in Wikipedia over the definitions found in dictionaries from Bessler's time period and before? What people might describe things as today has no relevance to how Bessler would have described something back then. Many scientific and mechanical terms we use today were not necessarily used back then and some terms even differed between languages. This is probably why Bessler resorted to Latin when he wanted to describe certain things that were difficult for foreign language speakers to understand when translated from German, or perhaps were even difficult to put into words in his own language.
You will struggle to find anything for the term 'vorticis verticalis' on the internet, first of all because it's in the genitive case, and second because a vertical vortex or whirlpool is an unusual thing. If Bessler had meant the type of vortex you are suggesting then he would have just used the word 'vortex' (or 'vorticis') on it's own, because the word used by itself infers particles rotating around a vertical axis. By adding the adjective 'vertical' the vortex is therefore flipped 90 degrees so that the particles now rotate around the horizontal axis.
I'm not sure I can describe it better than that, but it does make sense in the context of the paragraph. I think taken out of that context it's easy to read too much into it and to end up looking for something complicated and mysterious as an explanation when it's really quite simple. I'll sort out and post some information on the whole paragraph either here or on my website soon.
Ralph - the first link is just a link to the German Johann Bessler wiki page where they've just quoted Bessler's original words from DT. The second link is the same page run through Google translate which is only translating the German words and ignoring the Latin. How does that help?
It does not help Ruggero in his quest for finding other references to "vorticis verticalis". I find it odd in some respects as any fan, propeller, windmill or turbo jet engine fits the category.
I only posted for those who may not be familiar with the links. I am comfortable with your explanation and in total agreement.
I sincerely asked you to help me varify and validate your opposing claims, but all you come up with is...pure speculation.
If that's all you've got in your gun, then don't waste any more time on the issue, please.
Bessler, himself experimenting with water principles for his PM, cannot have been unknown to the ideas, expressions, terms and works on fluid (hydro) dynamics by fx.
Archimedes
Bernoulli (Jr. & Sen. & Br.)
Gravesand
D'Alembert
Newton
Desagulier
Leipnitz
Huygens etc...
to whom a whirlpool would seem trivial.
Presumeably they would also have had a pretty good idea of the destinction between a vortex, a vertical vortex, a horizontal vortex, a vortex line, vorticity, axis, rotation etc.
We are all free to think whatever we like...especially when comes to a guy that made every sentence and every word a puzzle, we have no limits to our imagination to make them comfortable fit our favourite beliefs...
When it comes to proves and factum of generales, the case is a bit different...
regards
ruggero ;-)
Contradictions do not exist.
Whenever you think you are facing a contradiction, check your premises.
You will find that one of them is wrong. - Ayn Rand -
Sorry Ruggero, I tried to explain it as best I could but obviously failed. I won't waste any more time on the matter as your mind is obviously made up. I just hope you don't end up wasting too much time chasing a red-herring. Stewart
