I think Jim that most here default to calling it a gravity wheel for a couple of reasons - one is a certain casualness borne from familiarity, another is the quote you highlighted (so long as they remain out of the center of gravity) which suggests always overbalanced, therefore always with torque - the last maybe that JC constantly uses the term & is adamant that JB's wheels were a gravity only solution [& that carries a lot of sway].
Most would agree I suspect that JB's first wheels [the one-way ones in particular] did likely have weights that shifted into overbalance, or at least that the gravity force component was real & inescapable for the operation of these early derivatives - so to call them generic gravity wheels that used overbalance would not seem unreasonable.
Others, like yourself [me included] see the gravity parameter as only part of the solution, & not the important part - we prefer to call them motion wheels or dynamic wheels or some such - we differentiate because we are equally adamant that another force was required & also that Bessler never directly called his 'true' PMM's gravity PMM's, which is large cause for suspicion that they weren't gravity PMM's - he did call them intrinsic motion machines which doesn't single out gravity as the only motive force.
Curtis ..
Here is some input from a friend of mine in NZ - he is a German national.
He is commenting on Stewart's accurate translation & the nuances - it bares only a passing resemblance to the meaning & intent of the quote you posted & has been discussed many times - I suggest you factor in what Stewart & Rainer say into your thinking to widen the scope.
Tinhead from an Oct 2007 thread wrote:
Stewart from Oct 2007 thread wrote:
Bessler actually says (from AP part 1 chapter 43):
Der wird ein grosser Künstler heissen/
Wer ein schwer Ding leicht hoch kan schmeissen/
Und wenn ein Pfund ein Viertel fällt/
Es vier Pfund hoch vier Viertel schnellt. &c.
He will be called a great craftsman,
who can easily/lightly throw a heavy thing high,
and if one pound falls a quarter,
it shoots four pounds four quarters high. &c.
Hi Stewart, love your translation, thought I might add my thoughts to it.
Künstler = craftsman, artist, skilled person.
easily/lightly = in the german context it is along the lines of "without much effort".
I also agree with the use of "throw" and "shoot" (as in shoot an arrow).
Good work mate :)
Just one thing I would like to highlight, in regard to the 1 quarter down and 4 quarters up, I think it is quite important that he is not using any units ...
Could be a 'thinking trap' , 1st thing coming up to mind is the vertical up/down, but it could mean anything. Maybe the circumference of a wheel?
IMO JB seems to be saying that PE can be increased above the PE lost of causing a rapid ascent of a heavy mass so that there is a Net PE gain.
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Yes, I know of the 5000 acre Anglican Church Property in the West of Vanua Levu - I know some of the trustees & did a report on syndicated forestry potential for the property re leveraging sale opportunities, for them 18 months ago to help them out - they decided to continue to try & sell it as a going concern - beautiful coastal property.
People from Kiribati settled on a Fiji island called Rabi [Rambi] generations ago - the Kiribati govt now wants to buy this particular land - publicly the Fiji govt is saying that they want it to grow vegetables etc to send back to Kiribati but I suspect the intent is to eventually reestablish there - they will become good citizens & tax payers.